Lesson 2

Present Progressive Passive

Present Progressive Tense ��㹡�þٴ�֧�Ԩ���������˵ء�ó�����ѧ�Դ��� ���ѧ���Թ����

��        The mechanic is repairing my car. ��ҧ���ѧ����ö�ͧ�ѹ����

                        They are offering courses in Spanish. �ǡ�ҡ��ѧ�Դ������������໹

�ٻ����¤Ẻ Passive ������������ ����Һ����зӡ���ҹ���  ���� ���ٴ������������Ӥѭ�Ѻ���ӡ���ҹ��� ���������Ӥѭ�Ѻ�˵ء�ó�����ѧ�Դ����ҡ����

��        My car is being repaired (by a mechanic). ö�ͧ�ѹ���ѧ�١���� (�����ö�١���� ����������Ӥѭ����ë���)

            Courses in Spanish are being offered. ����ʷ���������໹���ѧ�١�Դ (�鹷���á�з� ���ʹ�������Դ)

 

�ç���ҧ�ͧ Present Progressive Passive  =      is/am/are + being + past participle

 

                        

Past Progressive Passive

Past Progressive Passive ��㹡�þٴ�֧�Ԩ���������˵ء�ó��ҧ� ����Դ��������ʹյ ����ٴ�ա�ú͡��ǧ���ҡӡѺ��� ��������Һ��� �˵ء�ó���� ���ѧ���Թ�����ʹյ��ʹ���ҷ���˹����

��        Someone was painting their house yesterday.

            The doctor was treating his patient at this time last night.

������ٻ����¤Ẻ Passive �������鹤������·�������Ѻ�Ţͧ��á�з� �ҡ���Ҽ���зӡ���ҹ��� �����ʴ���Ҽ��ٴ����Һ����зӡ���ҹ����ա���� �� Their house was being painted yesterday. ����Һ�ҹ���ѧ�١���� ��������������繤���

            The patients were being treated (by the doctor). ����Ҥ�����ѧ���Ѻ��õ�Ǩ �����������繤���Ǩ

 

�ç���ҧ�ͧ Past Progressive Passive      =   was/were + being + past participle

 

                        

 Else

            ����� Else ����ö��������ٻ Question-words, Pronoun ��� Adverb ���դ���������� ��������ա�, ���������ա�, ����������ա�, ���������ա�,��˵ؼ������ա� ��� �Ẻ�����ա�

Question-words

           

Who

Whom

What

else

will be at the party?

should we ask to the party?

can I do?

���ա�����ҧҹ����§

���ա�����Ҥ�è��ԭ�ҧҹ����§

�����ա���ѹ����ö����

Where

When

How

Why

else

can I look for my keys?

do you have time?

can I get there?

would he do it?

����˹�ա���ѹ����ö���ҡح���

����������ա���س��������

���ҧ���ա���ѹ����ö价�������ա

�Ҩз�Ẻ������������ա

 

Pronouns

He doesn�t remember

Do you know

Can you tell me

who else was there.

whom else she spoke to?

what else he said?

�Ҩ��������������ա��������

�س������������ա������͹�ٴ����

�س����ö�͡�ѹ���������Ҿٴ�Ѻ���ա

 

Adverbs

She doesn�t know

 

Can you tell me

where else she should look.

when else to have the party.

how else I can do it?

why else he would say that?

���͹��������ҷ���˹�ա������͹��è�仴�

���͹�������������������ա���ШѴ�ҹ����§

�س����ö�͡�ѹ�������ҩѹ�����ҧ�����ա

�س����ö�͡�ѹ�����������������ա����Ҿٴ�蹹��

 

 

Vocabulary

 

Enemy (n.) = �ѵ��, Attack (v.) �ء�ҹ, ����    The enemy attacked our troop at night.

Threaten (v.) = ������                                     He was threatened by the man with the gun.

Take sides = �����ʹѺʹع                           I won�t take sides in an argument of you two. 

Neutral (adj.) = �繡�ҧ                               This country always remains neutral in war.

Defend (v.) = ��ͧ�ѹ, ����ͧ                          Soldiers are taught to defend themselves.

Ally (n.) = ���͹, �ѹ��Ե�                               Tom and John are allies.

Peace (n.) = ����ʧ��آ

Battle (n.) = ��õ�����

Maintain (v.) = �ѡ�������餧����                       Jeff maintains his car by changing the oil regularly.

Maintenance (n.) = ��ô����ѡ����餧��Ҿ��

Call up (v.) = ����� ������                           The National Guard can be called up when necessary.

Nevertheless (adv.) = ��駹���駹��, ���ҧ�á���   I can�t go; nevertheless, thank you for inviting me.

Settle (v.) = ������ѵ�ػ��ʧ��, ���á�ҡ              When I retire I�m going to settle in Houston.

Border (n.) = ���ᴹ, �ͺ                            Many soldiers have crossed the border of the country already.

Engage (v.) = ��������ǹ����Ǣ�ͧ                     We were engaged in the battle for 3 hours.

Secure (adj.) = ��ʹ���                                If you keep your room locked, everything will be secure.

Alert (v.) = ��͹, ����͹,                             Please alert me if you see the breaking news.

Alert (adj.) = ��蹵��                                      You have to be alert when you drive a car.         

Notify (v.) = ������Һ                               Please notify me when my car is ready.

Authorize (v.) = �ͺ�ӹҨ, ����Է��                 Who authorizes you to use that computer?

Take steps (v.) = �������                                The commander took another step to safe our base.

 

 

 

Grammar Exercise Lesson 2

Change the verb in each sentence to the passive voice.

1.      They are combining the ingredients of the mixture.

_____________________________________________________________

2.      Someone is cancelling the flight to Chiang Mai because of the flood.

_____________________________________________________________

3.      They are shutting down the computers.

_____________________________________________________________

4.      Someone is preparing dinner.

_____________________________________________________________

5.      They are barricading the streets.

_____________________________________________________________

 

Change the verb in the sentences to the passive voice.

1.      The police came because they were making a lot of noise.

_____________________________________________________________

2.      The tire exploded as the mechanic was filling it with air.

_____________________________________________________________

3.      We couldn�t eat in the dining room because they were fixing the roof.

_____________________________________________________________

4.      The musicians were playing the music when we arrived at the wedding party.

_____________________________________________________________

5.      While John was traveling in Europe, someone was robbing his house.

_____________________________________________________________

 

Complete the questions. Use the question-words indicated by the words underlined in the statement.

                        who else                      what else                     when else                   

                        where else                   how else                      why else

1.      Mary went to the beach by bus.

_____________ could she go there?

2.      Henry bought those pencils from the stationery.

_____________ can he buy them?

3.      Ken went to Phuket with his family.

_____________ went to the beach with his family?

4.      Fred went to his parents� house in order to spend his time with them.

_____________ did Fred go to his parents� house?

5.      I told him all about the useful information.

_____________ did you tell him?

6.      They will go to the concert tonight.

_____________ will they go to the concert?

 

Vocabulary Exercise Lesson 2

Match the words that have opposite meanings. Write the correct letter in the blank.

1.      ________ peace                                              a. not safe

2.      ________ secure                                             b. uncertainty

3.      ________ border                                             c. ally, friend

4.      ________ authorize                                        d. war

5.      ________ enemy                                             e. defend; withdraw

6.      ________attack                                              f. refuse to allow

7.      ________ security                                           g. sleepy, careless

8.      ________ alert                                                h. center, middle