Lesson 2
Present Progressive Passive
Present Progressive Tense ��㹡�þٴ�֧�Ԩ���������˵ء�ó�����ѧ�Դ��� ���ѧ���Թ����
�� The mechanic is repairing my car. ��ҧ���ѧ����ö�ͧ�ѹ����
They
are offering courses in Spanish. �ǡ�ҡ��ѧ�Դ������������໹
�ٻ����¤Ẻ Passive ������������ ����Һ����зӡ���ҹ��� ���� ���ٴ������������ӤÑ�Ѻ���ӡ���ҹ��� ���������ӤÑ�Ѻ�˵ء�ó�����ѧ�Դ����ҡ����
�� My car is being repaired (by a mechanic). ö�ͧ�ѹ���ѧ�١���� (�����ö�١���� ����������ӤÑ������)
Courses in Spanish are being offered. ����ʷ���������໹���ѧ�١�Դ (�鹷���á�з� ���ʹ�������Դ)
�ç���ҧ�ͧ Present Progressive Passive = is/am/are
+ being + past participle |
Past Progressive Passive
Past Progressive Passive ��㹡�þٴ�֧�Ԩ���������˵ء�ó��ҧ� ����Դ��������ʹյ ����ٴ�ա�ú͡��ǧ���ҡӡѺ��� ��������Һ��� �˵ء�ó���� ���ѧ���Թ�����ʹյ��ʹ���ҷ���˹����
�� Someone was painting their house yesterday.
The
doctor was treating his patient at this time last night.
������ٻ����¤Ẻ Passive �������鹤������·�������Ѻ�Ţͧ��á�з� �ҡ���Ҽ���зӡ���ҹ��� �����ʴ���Ҽ��ٴ����Һ����зӡ���ҹ����ա���� �� Their house was being painted yesterday. ����Һ�ҹ���ѧ�١���� ��������������繤���
The
patients were being treated (by the doctor). ����Ҥ�����ѧ���Ѻ��õ�Ǩ �����������繤���Ǩ
�ç���ҧ�ͧ Past Progressive Passive = was/were + being + past
participle |
Else
����� Else ����ö��������ٻ Question-words, Pronoun ��� Adverb ���դ���������� ��������ա�, ���������ա�, ����������ա�, ���������ա�,��˵ؼ������ա� ��� �Ẻ�����ա�
Question-words
Who Whom What |
else |
will be at the
party? should we ask to
the party? can I do? |
���ա�����ҧҹ����§ ���ա�����Ҥ�è��Ô�ҧҹ����§ �����ա���ѹ����ö���� |
Where When How Why |
else |
can I look for
my keys? do you have
time? can I get there? would he do it? |
����˹�ա���ѹ����ö���ҡØ��� ����������ա���س�������� ���ҧ���ա���ѹ����ö价�������ա �Ҩз�Ẻ������������ա |
Pronouns
He doesn�t remember Do you know Can you tell me |
who else was
there. whom else she
spoke to? what else he
said? |
�Ҩ��������������ա�������� �س������������ա������͹�ٴ���� �س����ö�͡�ѹ���������Ҿٴ�Ѻ���ա |
Adverbs
She doesn�t know Can you tell me |
where else she
should look. when else to have
the party. how else I can
do it? why else he
would say that? |
���͹��������ҷ���˹�ա������͹��è�仴� ���͹�������������������ա���ШѴ�ҹ����§ �س����ö�͡�ѹ�������ҩѹ�����ҧ�����ա �س����ö�͡�ѹ�����������������ա����Ҿٴ�蹹�� |
Vocabulary
Enemy (n.) = �ѵ��, Attack (v.) �ء�ҹ, ���� The
enemy attacked our troop at night.
Threaten (v.) = ������ He
was threatened by the man with the gun.
Take sides = �����ʹѺʹع I won�t take sides in an argument of you
two.
Neutral (adj.) = �繡�ҧ This country always remains neutral in war.
Defend (v.) = ��ͧ�ѹ, ����ͧ Soldiers are taught to defend themselves.
Ally (n.) = ���͹, �ѹ��Ե� Tom and John are allies.
Peace (n.) = ����ʧ��آ
Battle (n.) = ��õ�����
Maintain (v.) = �ѡ�������餧���� Jeff maintains his car by changing the oil
regularly.
Maintenance (n.) = ��ô����ѡ����餧��Ҿ��
Call up (v.) = ����� ������ The National Guard can be called up when
necessary.
Nevertheless (adv.) = ��駹���駹��, ���ҧ�á��� I can�t go; nevertheless, thank you for inviting me.
Settle (v.) = ������ѵ�ػ��ʧ��, ���á�ҡ When I retire I�m going to settle in Houston.
Border (n.) = ���ᴹ, �ͺ Many soldiers have crossed the border of the
country already.
Engage (v.) = ��������ǹ����Ǣ�ͧ We were engaged in the battle for 3 hours.
Secure (adj.) = ��ʹ��� If you keep your room locked, everything will
be secure.
Alert (v.) = ��͹, ����͹, Please alert me if you see the breaking news.
Alert (adj.) = ��蹵�� You have to be alert when you drive a car.
Notify (v.) = ������Һ Please notify me when my car is ready.
Authorize (v.) = �ͺ�ӹҨ, ����Է�� Who authorizes you to use that computer?
Take steps (v.) = ������� The commander took another step to safe our base.
Grammar Exercise Lesson 2
Change the verb in each sentence to the passive voice.
1.
They are
combining the ingredients of the mixture.
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Someone is
cancelling the flight to Chiang Mai because of the flood.
_____________________________________________________________
3.
They are
shutting down the computers.
_____________________________________________________________
4.
Someone is
preparing dinner.
_____________________________________________________________
5.
They are
barricading the streets.
_____________________________________________________________
Change the verb in the sentences to the passive voice.
1.
The police came
because they were making a lot of noise.
_____________________________________________________________
2.
The tire
exploded as the mechanic was filling it with air.
_____________________________________________________________
3.
We couldn�t eat
in the dining room because they were fixing the roof.
_____________________________________________________________
4.
The musicians
were playing the music when we arrived at the wedding party.
_____________________________________________________________
5.
While John was
traveling in Europe, someone was robbing his house.
_____________________________________________________________
Complete the questions. Use the question-words indicated by the words
underlined in the statement.
who else what
else when
else
where else how
else why
else
1.
Mary went to
the beach by bus.
_____________
could she go there?
2.
Henry bought
those pencils from the stationery.
_____________ can he
buy them?
3.
Ken went to Phuket with his family.
_____________ went to the beach with his
family?
4.
Fred went to
his parents� house in order to spend his time with them.
_____________ did Fred go to his parents�
house?
5.
I told him all about
the useful information.
_____________ did you tell him?
6.
They will go to
the concert tonight.
_____________ will
they go to the concert?
Vocabulary Exercise Lesson 2
Match the words that have opposite meanings. Write the correct letter in
the blank.
1.
________ peace a.
not safe
2.
________ secure b.
uncertainty
3.
________ border c.
ally, friend
4.
________
authorize d.
war
5.
________ enemy e.
defend; withdraw
6.
________attack f.
refuse to allow
7.
________
security g.
sleepy, careless
8.
________ alert h.
center, middle